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JEM.DOC
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JEM LOGO
VER 1.10
RELEASE # 2
(c)Copyrighted 1987 by James Moriartey
174 Garnet Crescent
Wetaskiwin Alberta
Canada T9A-2S6
Table Of Contents
JEM LOGO Table of Contents (c)Copyright 1987 by James Moriartey
Disclaimer.................................1
Shareware Concept..........................1
Permission to Copy.......................1,2
Information for Teachers...................2
What Need to get Started...................3
Minimum System Needed......................3
List of Files..............................3
JEM overview...............................4
Primary Word List......................5,6,7
Variables..................................8
Explain to Turtle..........................9
Run Mode..................................10
end Command...............................11
Explain Overview.......................12,13
Limitations...............................14
Order Form................................15
page 1
DISCLAIMER
This software will perform as described when used
properly. By using this software you acknowledge That this
software may not
suit your particular needs or be completly completely trouble free
If this software does not perform as discribed, our liability to
you is limited to replacing the software or refunding the purchase
price if registered.
In no event will James Moriartey be liable to you for any
damages, including any lost profits, lost savings or other
incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or
inability to use this program , even if James Moriartey has been
advised of the possibility of such damages.
The Shareware Concept
JEM is distributed as user supported software, and you may freely
copy this program to use , you are in fact encouraged to make
copies for your friends. As long as the program is not modified in
any way and the copyright notice is not removed or tampered with.
And that all the files including this manual is copied also and
the manual is not modified or tampered with.
BBS operators may ARC the files for transmission as long as all
the files are sent in the library.
No one can make charge for JEM , except authorized users groups,
which may charge a cost based fee not to exceed $10.00.
page 2
Teachers and other Educators
Educators may make as many copies to use on site (in the same
building) for no charge if the first copy is a registered copy.
Any additional copies for use off site may be purchased at one
half the current price for JEM. And the following lines are given
to the user.
This program is brought to you by
James Moriartey
174 Garnet Crescent
Wetaskiwn Alberta Canada
T9A-2S6
and " Educators Name "
If you have any questions or comments
about JEM please write to the address
above.
Please address any comments or questions about JEM to the above
address even if you do not wish to register as JEM owner.
What you need to get going
First make a copy of JEM-Logo to floppy disk. JEM will run under
PC-DOS 3.1 and MS-DOS 3.0 it should run under DOS 2.2 but it has
been tested in the 3.0 and higher DOS only. It will run on the IBM
XT,AT and all true Compatible computers. JEM needs 256K of memory
and a single 5 1/4 Floppy Drive. To use JEM on a Hard Drive create
a directory (MD JEM) and copy the disk to that directory. If you
have any problems look in your DOS manual.
JEM-LOGO must have two files to run they are JEM.COM and JEM.DAT
these files must be in the same Directory for JEM to work.
JEM.COM is the main program JEM.DAT is a list of words that JEM
uses JEM.DAT is a ASCII file it may or may not contain some data.
LIST of Files You Should Have
JEM.COM The Program
JEM.DAT Data file used by JEM must be in the
same Directory as JEM.COM
JEM.DOC This Manual
Read.me File list and How to Start JEM
A OVER VIEW OF JEM LOGO
Jem Logo was written to teach my children the basics of computer
programing. I have never seen any version of LOGO nor do I care to see
one. JEM is written in Turbo Pascal and the source code is not available
JEM has three basic modes they are Help Mode , Explain Mode and Run mode
the first mode you see is Run Mode when the Logo's are displayed and one
line says " Type in help for Help" if you type in this word you will
shown four pages of text these page give a brief description of the words
in the help file. JEM is a interpreter and runs at quite slow speeds
,there are ways to make JEM run fast these commands will be explain
later.
JEM has two types of words they are Primary words and Secondary words.
PRIMARY WORDS
Primary words are the base of JEM all secondary words are created out of
primary words.Primary words are the simplest commands used by JEM
the most important words to the beginner are : help , end. The word
help displays the help file the word end saves all the work done and
exits JEM LOGO.
Primary words can be entered in a short hand version the first three
characters must be entered. (Note JEM runs faster if only the first three
letters are used of the Primary Words only).
SECONDARY WORDS
Secondary words are the way you program the turtle to do higher
functions they many be any combination of primary words and
secondary words the more levels of secondary words the slower the
response of the turtle all secondary words must be type in exactly
as created. Also a secondary word that is called the same as
primary word will be ignored and a secondary word with two
meanings the first found will be used the second will found will
be ignored. Care must be taken to ensure that two meanings do not
share the same word as JEM does not check for double meanings for
a word. Secondary words must be at least five characters or more
long otherwise the interpreter will not find them.
PRIMARY WORD LIST
This list will explain each word in more detail and the syntax
and give the short hand word also.All words must be typed in
exactly in upper or lower case.
WORD Short hand Explanation and Syntax
upen upe Lifts Pen up Turtle does not draw
a line or leave a mark if pen is up
pen stays up
dpen dpe Puts pen down begins to draw or
leave a mark if pen is down pen
stays down.
hide hid Hide turtle from view turtle can
still perform all functions the
turtle itself is hidden.
show sho Display turtle (default setting)
cs cs Clear screen contains of screen are
gone. Turtle is sent to center of
screen.
wrap wra Screen wrap is on turtle will wrap
around the display (default setting)
nwrp nwr Sreen wrap is off turtle will not
wrap around display.
med med Medium Resolution graphics mode
preferred setting (default setting)
Hi Hi High Resolution graphics mode
not recommended.
gh gh Turtle goes to the center of the
screen no line is drawn.
pse pse Pause and wait for any key to be
pressed before doing next command.
1 1 Use colour Palette Number 1
2 2 Use colour Palette Number 2
Clr [x] Clr [x] Clr<space>[number]
Set pen colour between 0 and 3
colour depends on Palette Number
forw [x] for [x] forw<space>[distance]
Turtle moves forward x spaces
back [x] bac [x] back<space>[distance]
Turtle moves back x spaces
turn [x] tur [x] turn<space>[compass degree]
Turtles turns to face degree on the
compass example turn [90] turtle
will turn to the 90 degrees of
home position.
ltrn [x] ltr [x] ltrn<space>[angle]
Turtle turns at that angle from
current position. example ltrn [90]
will turn the turtle 90 degrees from
current position
rtrn [x] rtrn [x] rtrn<space>[angle]
see ltrn turns to right
again [x] aga [x] again<space>[number of times]
Do following word x number of times
example again [4] forw [1] would
move the turtle ahead five spaces.
again statement must precede the
statement you wish to again.
NESTED again statement are not
allowed Turtle does check for nested
again statements.
help hel Display help file contains of screen
are lost.
B [x] B [x] Sets Background colour between 0-3
colour depends on Palette Number
end end End JEM Logo save all secondary words
in file "JEM.DAT" and exit JEM Logo
if JEM.DAT is not found all secondary
words are lost.
Rept Rep Repeat following words until a "p"
key is pressed and wait until a "s"
key is pressed then stop if the "s"
key is not pressed the continue the
repeat until a "p" key is pressed.
off off Turns command line off it is no
longer displayed .
Lineon Lin Turns command line on command line
is displayed
secondaryword Do secondary word see explain
explain exp Enter explain to Turtle mode
see explain mode and explain mode
commands.
Variables
JEM Logo allows the use of two variables only they are "var1" and
"var2" they are numeric values only the only operations allowed on
them are addition and subtraction.
The syntax for the variables is :
s [var1=x] s<space>[var1=x]
Sets the value of the var1 to x
example s [var1=1] would set the
value of var1 to 1.
s [var1+x] s<space>[var1+x]
Will add x to the value of
var1 and set the value of
var1 to var1+x. example
current value of var1 is 2 so
s [var1+1] would set the
value of var1 to 3. x can be
any number.
s [var1-x] s<space>[var1-x]
Will subtract x from the
value of var1 and set the
value of var1 to var1-x.
example current value of var1
is 4 so s [var1-2] would set
the value of var1 to 2. x can
be any number
The syntax for var2 is the same as it is for var1. Variables can
not perform operations on each other. The commands listed above
are the only commands that will be performed. Also each operation
can be preformed in any word , the value of the variable is passed
to the next word. See sample secondary words.
Variables are used to create spirals and other shapes
the uses of the variables are limited.
EXPLAIN to Turtle Mode
Explain turtle mode is the way you can add secondary words to the
turtles vocabulary.The explain mode has three main commands they
are show , forget and tell
show show will have turtle display
the show subfunctions they are
find and all. find will ask for
the word to find if the word
exists it will be shown. all
will display All the secondary
words in the JEM.DAT file all
the secondary words are in
memory for faster execution.
show all will display all
secondary words
show word will find and display a
specific secondary word
forget will have turtle forget the
secondary word. If you do not
use the end command to exit
turtle the word will still be
in the JEM.DAT file to make
forget changes permanent use
the end command to exit JEM
and save all changes.
tell tell turtle mode
when you enter tell command
turtle will let enter a
secondary word example
"wordd =forwd [10] rtrn [90];"
all words must be 5 or more
characters long
RUN MODE
This is the normal mode of the turtle when you are in run mode
you will see the turtle in the center of the screen and the last
line of the screen you will see a
? !
(Note command line is limited to 40 Chars input)
That is the command line all commands are enter in the command
line. Enter a cs command the turtle will clear the screen and
home the turtle to the center of the screen. Enter a f [10] turtle
will move forward 10 spaces and leave a line from the start
position to the current position. Enter a r [90] the turtle will
turn right 90 degrees. Enter a l [90] the turtle will turn left
90 degrees.
If you enter a word the turtle does not know turtle will display
at the top of screen "I do not know the word 'xxxxx'" if you see
this line its means turtle did not find the word and can not do
that word check to see if the word was misspelled or in fact does
exists in the secondary word file.
Repeat Command
Using the R command the Repeat command will make turtle perform
much faster. Repeat command will repeat all words after the R
until a "p" key is struck if the "p" key is struck repeat will
halt and wait until any other key is struck or the "s" key is
struck if the "s" key is struck the repeat will stop and the
turtle will return to run mode. The R command can be used in the
run mode on any word or it can be part of a secondary word.
Using the end command the end command exits JEM and saves all
secondary words into the file named JEM.DAT if you exit JEM
without using the end command any new secondary words are lost and
are not saved to the JEM.DAT file. If you create new secondary
words and you wish to save them use the end command. To create a
new JEM.DAT file simplify use the DOS copy con command leave one
blank line close the file with a F6.
example copy con Jem.dat
blank line
^z
JEM can use only one data file at one time,the whole file is
entered in memory the reasoning behind this is to increase JEM
logo's speed of operation.
Getting JEM to run faster to make JEM run at the fastest posible
speed use three characters or less for the primary words secondary
words can not be abbreviated nor can var1 or var2. An example of
the speed increase is enter a explain command turtle will enter
explain mode hit the enter key turtle will return to the run mode
now enter exp turtle will enter explain mode much faster. The
speed increase is because of the way the interpreter checks each
word. When entering a secondary word using the shorthand word is
best way to get JEM to run at top speed.
Try each primary word to see what its function is and purpose
is.
When JEM enters run mode the turtle is set to pen down, wrap on
,lineon , med and gohome.
EXPLAIN MODE
Explain mode is the most powerful part of JEM explain lets the
user create their only words or commands. In run mode the entry of
a secondary word causes the turtle to perform the commands within
the secondary word. A secondary word can be a number of primary
words or number of secondary words or a combination of primary
words and secondary words. They may be in any order the in the
word itself but any secondary words must be previously defined in
the word list. To enter a secondary word in run mode just type in
the word and turtle will perform that definition as it would a
primary word.
Explain mode has three main subfunctions they are tell , show and
forget.
We will begin with the show command while in run mode enter the
command exp or explain. Turtle will enter explain mode you will
now see the line asking for one of the subfunctions.
Type in show turtle will now ask for the secondary word to find
or all. Enter the word all turtle will display all secondary words
currently defined. To display a current defined secondary word
type in the word exactly as it is (caps and lowercase) JEM will
then display the word and it definition.
The forget command is used to remove secondary words from the
word list. In run mode enter exp or explain now in explain mode
enter the forget command turtle will ask for a string enter in
the word you wish turtle to forget. Turtle will now not remember
that word to make the changes permanent while in run mode enter a
end command. Turtle will rewrite the data file and the changes to
the secondary word list will be saved.
The tell command is used to define a secondary word all secondary
words must be five characters or longer. In run mode enter a exp
or explain command then enter tell command turtle will now enter
a edit mode. Enter the name of the word you wish to used followed
by a "=" then the definition.
Example :
<space>wordd=<space>definition<;>
wordd= f [10] r [90] ;
This word after it is entered will now be a word turtle 'knows'
and can be used in the same way as you would use a primary word.
Return to run mode and enter the word "wordd" turtle will now
move forward ten spaces and turns 90 degrees to the right.
Error Codes
There is only one (1) error code it is "I do not known the word
xx " . JEM will display this code if a word it can not find is
encountered. Check to see if the word is misspelled or in fact
does exist.
Limitations of JEM-LOGO
The two biggest limitations of JEM are the number of data files
allowed currently one (1). And the size of the data file that is
about 48 K. JEM-Logo was made for the ages of about 5 years to 10
years old it is not meant to be all things to all people. My
daughter enjoys the program very much and my friends children also
enjoy the program.If the program is teaching the idea of
programming that is good. But its main purpose is to break down
any apprehension of computers I think young or old alike will get
some enjoyment of ordering the Turtle around the screen.
Also the HiRes mode of the turtle does not create true geometric
shapes. Try the word "shapes" it was created by my 6 year old.
Order Form
Please rush Me my Registered copy of JEM
Last Name_______________________________
First Name______________________________
Mailing Address_________________________
City/State/Prov_________________________
Zip/PosalCode___________________________
Enclosed is the donation of Twenty dollars ($20.00)
Mr. James Moriartey
174 Garnet Crescent
Wetaskiwin Alberta
Canada T9A-2S6
